FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions):

What is Autism?

Autism is a complex developmental disability caused by unusual brain development, which usually appears in childhood, typically within the first three years of life, and continues throughout the person's life. Boys are four times more likely to be autistic than girls. It causes difficulties with social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication, and play and leisure activities.

What causes autism?

Unfortunately, the exact cause of autism is unknown, however, it is clear that children with autism are born with it, or born with the potential to develop this disorder. It is not caused by bad parenting nor is it a mental illness, and no known psychological factors in the development of the child have been determined to cause this condition. A number of theories are being investigated, including the link between heredity, genetics and medical problems.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms can vary from mild to severe, and in a variety of combinations. Children diagnosed with autism can act much differently from others with this condition, and can have varying degrees of skills.

Some of the symptoms can include little or no eye contact, resistance to change, laughing, crying, and showing distress for reasons not apparent to others, temper tantrums, unresponsiveness to normal teaching methods, inappropriate attachments to objects, preferring to be alone, using gestures or pointing instead of using words to express needs, over- or under-sensitivity to pain, physical over-activity or extreme under-activity, repeating words or phrases in place of normal language, difficulty associating with others, sustained "off" forms of play such as spinning objects like wheels on toy cars, no fear of danger, uneven motor skills, acting as if deaf although hearing tests are normal and, in some instances, aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior.

What types of tests are done to diagnose autism?

Unfortunately, there are no medical tests available to diagnose this condition. Diagnosis must be based on observation of the child's behavior, communication, and developmental skills. Parental input and developmental history are very important in making an accurate diagnosis.

Is there a cure for Autism?

Unfortunately, there is no known cure for autism, however, each autistic child has the capacity to learn and develop new skills.

What types of treatments are available?

The type of treatment depends on the patient's individual needs. In most instances, a combination of treatment methods is more effective. Treatments can include occupational therapy which teaches basic skills such as bathing and buttoning and zipping clothes; physical therapy to help control body movement; behavior modification which involves highly structured, skill-oriented activities based on the needs and interests of the patient, usually requiring intense, one-on-one training; and use of medications.

Why do some autistic children repeat back what an adult has said?

Repeating back what has been said is called 'echolalia.' This is a good sign because it indicates that the child's brain is processing language even though he/she may not be understanding the meaning of the words. Autistic children need to learn that words are used for communication. If a child says the word 'banana', immediately give him a banana. This enables the child to associate the word 'banana' with getting the real thing.

Why do some autistic children have problems with toilet training?

There can be many reasons for this. For example, some may be either afraid of the toilet, terrified to hear the sound of a flushing toilet, or they do not know what they are supposed to do.

Depending on the situation, a potty chair perhaps in an area outside the bathroom or having an adult show them how to use the toilet can be helpful.